Politicians Have No Place Making Parole Decisions for Young People
For nearly two decades, courts and legislatures have been rolling back the damage wrought by the 鈥渟uperpredator鈥� myth of the 1990s 鈥� the racist notion that young people who commit crimes, especially young people of color, will be a menace to society for their entire lives. This devastating ideology sent too many children to prison for too long, but in a series of modern decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court turned the tide. Recognizing that young people are immature, impulsive, and vulnerable to peer pressure 鈥� and that they outgrow these traits with time 鈥� the court decreed that young people deserve a second chance at freedom, even if they鈥檝e done terrible things. In the of the court, young people have the right to a 鈥渕eaningful opportunity to obtain release based on demonstrated maturity and rehabilitation.鈥�
States across the country have taken heed, bolstering opportunities for young people sentenced to lengthy prison terms to receive earlier, and better, chances for release on parole. But California imposes a daunting obstacle to such second chances: the governor鈥檚 power to single-handedly reverse a decision of the parole board in homicide cases. California is a shameful outlier in this respect. It is one of just two states (Oklahoma being the other) that allows the governor to veto parole grants. Maryland , because, as it, 鈥淗ow can it not be political for a governor to hold all the power鈥� in parole decisions?
Indeed, politics is baked into the reversal power in California. Following in the 1980s, California鈥檚 then-governor pushed a ballot initiative authorizing him to block the parole board鈥檚 release decisions. Unsurprisingly, governors regularly exercise this power in high-profile, politically toxic cases, like those of the members or , convicted of killing Robert Kennedy, despite the fact that these people are now elderly and have near-spotless records over decades in prison. But governors also frequently reverse in less infamous cases for fear of political retribution.
Consider the cases of our clients. For example, Joseph Pagaduan was abused by his parents throughout his childhood and, at the age of 18, killed them in a spontaneous and emotionally charged incident. Now in his 40s, Joey has built an exceptional record of his rehabilitation, including by pursuing collegiate education, working as a substance abuse counselor, editing the prison newspaper, participating in a therapeutic acting workshop, learning a variety of trades, and excelling in his work assignments and programming. The parole board rightly awarded Joey a second chance at freedom, finding that he posed no present danger, but the governor reversed the board鈥檚 decision absent any evidence to the contrary.
David Adkins鈥� case presents the same issue. Abandoned, abused, and neglected as a young child, David found solace in drugs, alcohol, and an older peer group. At the age of 16, while heavily intoxicated, he and a peer tragically shot and killed three friends in a heated altercation. That was 32 years ago, and since then, David has turned his life around. He has been sober and misconduct-free for 20 years. And he has pursued virtually every program, class, or work assignment available to him. Yet when the parole board granted him release, the governor reversed, requiring him to remain in prison despite his obvious rehabilitation.
Last week, the 桃子视频and 桃子视频of Northern California filed a lawsuit on behalf of Joey, David, and others alleging that the California governor鈥檚 power to veto parole grants violates the rights of young people to a 鈥渕eaningful opportunity for release.鈥� There is simply an unacceptably high risk that parole reversals are grounded in a governor鈥檚 political calculations, rather than public safety. That鈥檚 why we have asked the courts to abolish the governor鈥檚 veto power over the parole board in the cases of young people.
As our clients prove, children are so much more than the worst thing they鈥檝e ever done. Their redemption must be recognized and not reduced to a matter of politics. Anything less would deprive them of their right to return home as mature, responsible community members.
